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相关概念视频

Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
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Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

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In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in...
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Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving01:20

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There are three methods by which heat transfer can take place: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method has unique and interesting characteristics, but all three have two things in common: they transfer heat solely because of a temperature difference; and the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
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Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Agricultural Land Ecosystem Research with a Hydraulic Property Analyzer to Assess Soil Health
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一个新的模型来预测土壤的导热率.

Kun Xiong1,2,3, Yuqing Feng4, Hua Jin5

  • 1School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Xueyuan Road 29, Beijing, 100083, China.

Scientific reports
|July 1, 2023
PubMed
概括

一个新的模型使用和度准确地预测土壤的导热率. 这种方法简化了各种土壤类型和水含量的导热数据的获取.

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科学领域:

  • 地质技术工程 地质技术工程
  • 土壤科学 土壤科学
  • 环境工程 环境工程

背景情况:

  • 土壤的热导电性对于热传输应用,如地面源热至关重要.
  • 准确测量土壤导热率是耗时和劳动密集的.
  • 现有的模型可能不涵盖土壤质地和和度的全部范围.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种新,方便和准确的模型来预测土壤的导热率.
  • 为了在土壤的导热率和和度之间建立一个明确的关系.
  • 为估计不同条件下的土壤热性质提供一个多功能工具.

主要方法:

  • 提出了一个新模型,将干土热导电性 (λdry) 和和土热导电性 (λsat) 结合起来.
  • 利用 λdry 的线性表达式和 λsat. 的几何平均模型.
  • 添加了一个二次函数来计算超出 λdry 和 λsat 极限的导热率.
  • 根据51个土壤样本 (从沙到泥土) 的测量数据验证了该模型,并将其与五个现有模型进行了比较.

主要成果:

  • 拟议的模型与测量的土壤导热率数据有很强的一致性.
  • 该模型有效地预测了各种土壤纹理和水含量的导热率.
  • 它的性能超过或与其他五种常用模型的性能相匹配.

结论:

  • 开发的模型提供了一种简化和准确的方法来确定土壤的导热率.
  • 它适用于各种土壤类型和和水平,增强实际应用.
  • 这项研究有助于在地质技术和环境工程项目中高效的热管理.