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在不知情的情况下经历? 经验证据证明了无需访问的现象意识
Yoni Zion Amir1, Yaniv Assaf2, Yossi Yovel3
1Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Cognition
|July 2, 2023
概括
研究人员探索了现象 (P) 与访问 (A) 意识的对比,质疑经验是否存在而没有意识. 一项新奇的实验表明,P-without-A意识可以经验证明,将主观经验与可报道性分开.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 思想的哲学 思想的哲学
- 实验心理学 实验心理学
背景情况:
- 现象 (P) 和访问 (A) 意识之间的分离是意识研究中一个核心的,有争议的话题.
- 在经验上证明P-without-A意识是具有挑战性的,因为报告一个经验意味着访问它.
- 此前对这种分离的证据主要是间接的.
研究的目的:
- 实验性地研究现象意识和访问意识之间的潜在分离.
- 开发一种新的范式,以实证测试P-without-A意识.
- 确定现象体验是否可以独立于立即可报道的存在.
主要方法:
- 一个新的实验范式被设计为创造条件,参与者缺乏在线访问刺激.
- 参与者 (实验1中的N=40) 对刺激的现象性和定性方面作出了回顾性判断.
- 实验2 (N=40) 进一步测试了诸如无意识处理或刺激抵消反应等替代解释.
主要成果:
- 即使没有在线访问,参与者也可以对刺激的现象性方面作出回顾性判断.
- 性能不能完全归因于无意识的处理或刺激抵消.
- 这些发现表明了现象意识和访问意识的潜在实证分离.
结论:
- 现象意识和访问意识不仅在概念上是不同的,而且也可能在经验上是可分离的.
- 这项研究提供了新的证据,支持P和A意识之间的分离.
- 这些发现为未来研究不同意识状态的神经相关物开辟了道路.
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