对于同时获得奖励和威胁的决策是通过创伤暴露和PTSD症状严重程度的差异调节的
Jaryd Hiser1, Mickela Heilicher1, Chloe Botsford1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Behaviour research and therapy
|July 2, 2023
概括
暴露于创伤,特别是人际暴力,通过影响威胁和奖励学习,损害了决策. 创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的症状进一步减少了当威胁存在时的奖励学习.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 创伤暴露,特别是人际暴力 (IPV),是精神健康障碍的主要危险因素,如创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD).
- 之前的研究经常孤立地研究威胁或奖励学习,忽视了它们在现实世界决策中的互动.
- 了解这些相互作用对于解释创伤对心理健康的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查威胁和奖励学习如何相互作用以影响决策.
- 检查创伤暴露和PTSD症状严重程度如何调节这些学习过程.
- 在威胁的背景下,区分避免威胁和减少奖励学习.
主要方法:
- 429名具有不同创伤暴露和PTSD症状严重程度的成年参与者完成了在线的两阶段马尔科夫任务.
- 这项任务涉及到对奖励的连续决策,嵌入威胁或中性刺激.
- 分析了决策策略,以区分基于模型和无模型的学习.
主要成果:
- 较高的创伤暴露严重程度,特别是IPV,与基于模型的奖励学习受损和基于模型的威胁避免能力增强相关.
- 创伤后应激障碍症状严重程度与在存在威胁的情况下,基于模型的奖励学习减少有关.
- 在PTSD症状严重程度下,没有观察到避免威胁的显著增加.
结论:
- 创伤暴露和PTSD症状严重程度独特地影响威胁和奖励学习相互作用.
- 研究结果表明,创伤破坏了在受到威胁的情况下做决定所必需的认知策略.
- 这些见解可能会为加强PTSD和相关疾病的治疗提供信息.
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