不同强度决定因素对青少年运动员奥运划船表现的不同阶段的贡献
Romina Ledergerber1, Mats Willem Jacobs2, Ralf Roth1
1Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
European journal of sport science
|July 3, 2023
概括
奥运会划船表现依赖于有氧能力和力量. 这项研究发现,最大的干部延伸和力量发展速度是开始的关键,而VO2max和腿部力量对中期和末期至关重要.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 在奥林匹克划艇中,有氧代谢是主要的,但力量和功率需求的具体作用需要进一步研究.
- 了解划船性能不同阶段的不同生理和生物力学贡献,对于优化训练至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定各种强度决定因素对划船人体表现的特定阶段的贡献.
- 确定影响2000米划船计时赛开始,中间和结束阶段的关键物理属性.
主要方法:
- 对14名精英划船员 (4名女性,10名男性) 的截面分析.
- 测量包括人体测量,最大力量 (腿部压力,干延伸/屈曲,大腿中部拉动,手握),VO2max,以及2000m的计时试验与峰值力评估.
- 力量发展速度 (RFD) 被测量在等比腿按压和大腿中部拉动.
主要成果:
- 启动阶段主要由最大干部延伸和300毫秒的RFD (R2=0.91) 预测.
- 中间阶段是由VO2max,最大的腿压力和坐高 (R2=0.84) 解释的.
- 最好的预测终点阶段是干部曲,350毫米的RFD,身体高度和性别 (R2=0.97),而2000米的整体表现是由VO2max,干部曲和性别 (R2=0.98) 解释的.
结论:
- 最大的干部延伸强度和RFD对于在划船开始时的高加速度至关重要.
- 最大力量,特别是腿部压力,补充了对有氧能力 (VO2max) 的依赖,以实现持续的中期表现.
- 培训干预应考虑特定阶段的力量和动力发展,以提高整体划船人体表现.
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