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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

376
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
376
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

367
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
367
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

327
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
327
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

928
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
928
Language01:16

Language

249
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
249
Group Design02:01

Group Design

9.0K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
9.0K

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Individual differences in online research: Comparing lab-based and online administration of a psycholinguistic battery of linguistic and domain-general skills.

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相关实验视频

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Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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在整体和组合语言处理中的个体差异.

Kyla McConnell1

  • 1English Department, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, DE.

Journal of cognition
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
概括

个人的认知差异会影响语言处理. 有些人根据其部分和共同出现来处理单词对,而另一些人则将其作为单个单元来处理.

科学领域:

  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.

背景情况:

  • 记忆和注意力等认知能力的个体差异在语言用户中很常见.
  • 尽管存在这些差异,但语言理解通常是成功的,这表明不同的处理策略.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究处理同时出现的单词 (比格拉姆) 的个体差异.
  • 为了确定认知能力如何影响对单词同时出现统计数据的依赖,而不是块块的单元检索.

主要方法:

  • 一个心理语言自律阅读实验,使用修饰词名词大字母.
  • 反向转换概率 (BTP) 量化了与单个单词频率相对的大图突出.
  • 评估了五个个体差异指标:处理速度,口头工作记忆,认知抑制,全球-本地转移和个性.

主要成果:

  • 认知抑制和全球局部转移显著调节了BTP对阅读时间的影响.
  • 认知抑制较强的参与者和那些更喜欢局部处理的参与者对同时发生的概率表现出更大的敏感性.
  • 这表明大图是通过组成部分处理还是作为整体单元处理的个体差异.

结论:

  • 个人的认知特征会影响单词大图的处理方式.
关键词:
逆向过渡的概率可能.碎片化 (chunking) 是一个过程.个人差异是个人的差异.抑制抑制抑制的抑制作用词汇的共同发生.转移的转移转移的转移

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Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
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  • 一些个人更多地依赖单词部分的同时出现统计数据,而另一些人则以预先编译的块来检索大图.
  • 这突出了个体用于高效语言理解的独特处理策略.