全国背景下晚年认知功能的协调:协调认知评估协议 (HCAPs) 的结果
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|July 3, 2023
概括
这项研究协调了六个国家的认知功能得分,显示了认知衰老跨国比较的高精度. 这使得更好的国际研究认知能力下降的危险因素.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 协调认知评估协议 (HCAP) 能够进行认知功能的跨国比较.
- 在全球不同的人口中HCAP的适用性仍然未确立.
研究的目的:
- 从六个国家的HCAP中统计协调一般和特定领域的认知得分.
- 评估这些协调认知分数的精度和标准有效性.
主要方法:
- 在六项HCAP研究中 (美国,英国,印度,墨西哥,中国,南非;N=21,141) 使用了项目银行方法,使用了共同和独特的认知测试项目.
- 使用分级响应物件响应理论 (IRT) 模型,为一般和特定领域的认知功能生成了协调的因子得分.
- 通过测试信息图表和根据年龄,性别和教育标准的有效性评估得分精度.
主要成果:
- 项目响应理论模型显示在不同国家之间很适合.
- 对93%的受访者来说,协调的一般认知功能得分的边际可靠性很高 (r>0.90).
- 评分显示了与年龄 (较低的分数) 和教育 (较高的分数) 的预期关联.
结论:
- 在六项基于人口的多样性研究中统计协调了认知功能的测量.
- 在估计的认知分数中获得了极好的精度,支持跨国比较.
- 为国际研究认知衰老和风险因素关联提供了坚实的基础.
相关概念视频
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
160
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
160
01:27Language and Cognition
376
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
376
01:17Cognitivism
1.4K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
1.4K
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
64
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
64
01:30Information Processing Approach
80
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
80
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
160
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
160