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Laura Boekel1, Sadaf Atiqi1, Maureen Leeuw1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

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PubMed
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与健康人相比,患有炎症性类风湿病的患者患COVID后疾病的风险更高. 然而,重叠的症状使诊断复杂化,需要一个细微的方法来评估长期的COVID-19后果.

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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