生态进化过程构建了哺乳动物生命树上的牛奶微生物组
Mia M Keady1,2, Randall R Jimenez1,3, Morgan Bragg1,4
1Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008.
概括
哺乳动物的牛奶含有多样化的微生物群,对后代发育至关重要. 虽然生态漂移在很大程度上塑造了牛奶微生物组 (80%),但母亲的饮食也发挥了直接作用,支持了微生物的肠膜转移.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 哺乳动物生物学 哺乳动物生物学
背景情况:
- 牛奶是哺乳动物后代的重要营养来源,含有影响健康和发育的微生物群.
- 在各种哺乳动物物种中,牛奶微生物组的组成和组装过程仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用16S rRNA基因测序,全面分析哺乳动物中的牛奶微生物群.
- 为了确定在胎盘哺乳动物中的牛奶微生物组结构的生态和进化因素.
主要方法:
- 产生了来自所有胎盘超级顺序的47种哺乳动物的牛奶微生物数据集.
- 利用16S rRNA基因测序来表征牛奶中的细菌和古生物共生体.
- 应用生态建模来确定决定性和随机过程对微生物组组合的贡献.
主要成果:
- 牛奶微生物组在整个哺乳期内将后代暴露在母亲的共生体中.
- 确定性过程 (环境选择) 占牛奶微生物组组合的20%.
- 随机过程,主要是生态漂移,解释了80%的牛奶微生物组组合,高于肠道或皮肤微生物组.
- 母亲的饮食直接和间接地影响了牛奶微生物群,糖含量介导了间接影响.
结论:
- 牛奶微生物组组装由随机过程主导,其中母亲的饮食有显著的贡献.
- 直接的饮食影响支持肠乳腺贩运,这是从母亲转移微生物到后代的途径.
- 牛奶的微生物组成反映了宿主级生态和进化因素,影响后代的健康和发育.
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