森林砍伐,认证和跨国棕油供应链:将危地马拉与全球消费市场联系起来
Calli P VanderWilde1, Joshua P Newell1, Dimitrios Gounaridis1
1University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Journal of environmental management
|July 3, 2023
概括
棕油扩张在危地马拉引发了严重的森林砍伐,经过认证的种植园没有显示减少森林损失. 这项研究将森林砍伐与主要消费品牌联系起来,强调需要进行供应链改革和改善治理.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 供应链分析 供应链分析
背景情况:
- 热带森林砍伐与棕油生产有关,但追溯供应链到其起源仍然是一个挑战.
- 可持续棕油圆桌会议 (RSPO) 等认证计划旨在提高透明度和可持续性,但它们在减少森林砍伐方面的有效性仍受到争议.
- 了解棕油生产的"第一英里"对于企业和政府对无森林砍伐采购的承诺至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估2009-2019年危地马拉油棕扩张造成的森林砍伐.
- 评估RSPO认证种植园对森林砍伐率的影响.
- 将危地马拉的棕油砍伐森林与国际供应链和消费市场联系起来.
主要方法:
- 利用遥感和空间分析来绘制棕油的扩张和相关的森林砍伐.
- 分析贸易统计数据,将区域棕油生产与跨国公司联系起来.
- 量化了种植园侵占生物多样性重点地区的情况.
主要成果:
- 在2009年至2019年期间,油棕种植园在研究地区的森林砍伐中占28%.
- 超过60%的这些种植园侵犯了关键生物多样性区域.
- 覆盖评估面积的63%的RSPO认证种植园没有显示出统计学上显著的森林砍伐减少.
- 森林砍伐与百事可乐,蒙德利兹国际和Bimbo集团的供应链有关,这些公司使用RSPO认证的棕油.
结论:
- 目前的RSPO认证没有有效地减少与危地马拉棕油扩张相关的森林砍伐.
- 改善企业供应链跟踪和加强危地马拉的森林治理对于解决森林砍伐至关重要.
- 该研究提供了一种可复制的方法来调查消费对环境的影响.
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