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相关概念视频

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.4K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.4K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.4K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.4K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.3K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.3K
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

12.2K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
12.2K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.3K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.3K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.4K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.4K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

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变异很重要:通过基因组变异来保证染色质的功能和动态.

Danhua Jiang1, Frédéric Berger2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Current opinion in plant biology
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
概括

开花植物使用多种质子变体和修饰来调节基因表达并保持基因组稳定性. 染色体重塑剂是塑造这些必需植物染色体状态的关键参与者.

关键词:
阿拉比多普西斯 (Arabidopsis) 是一种植物.染色是一种染色素.基因组胺基因的修改基因组变异体的变异体植物植物植物植物植物.转录 转录是一种转录.

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Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
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科学领域:

  • 植物分子生物学 植物分子生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 染色体生物学 染色体生物学

背景情况:

  • 开花植物具有多样化的核心和链接质子序列变异.
  • 基因组变异和翻译后修饰 (PTMs) 定义了特定的染色体状态.
  • 这些状态影响着色素功能和基因调节.

研究的目的:

  • 审查最近关于植物中基因变异的发现.
  • 要突出染色体重塑剂在调节基因组变异动态中的作用.
  • 讨论基因组变异在植物基因组完整性和生命周期过渡中的重要性.

主要方法:

  • 关于植物基因素变体的最近研究的文献综述.
  • 分析基因组变体,PTM和染色体重塑剂之间的相互作用.
  • 综合目前对植物染色质状态的理解.

主要成果:

  • 特定的基因组变异丰富和PTMs产生不同的染色质状态.
  • 染色体重塑剂可以动态地塑造染色体状态和基因转录.
  • 基因组变异对基因组完整性和编程发育过渡至关重要.

结论:

  • 基因组变异对植物染色质组织和功能至关重要.
  • 了解基因组变异动态,可以了解植物的进化和复杂性.
  • 这个领域有望在植物生物学中取得重大发现.