双语儿童转移和放松第二语言的语音分类,以响应发音的L2和母语L1语音暴露
Margarethe McDonald1, Margarita Kaushanskaya2
1Department of Linguistics and School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Language and speech
|July 4, 2023
概括
双语儿童根据先前的接触来调整他们的英语语音感知. 接触西班牙语口音的英语会改变它们的语音分类,而接触西班牙语则会放松这些界限,影响第二语言处理.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语音感知 语音感知
背景情况:
- 听众通过调整分类界限来调整语音感知.
- 这种适应有助于处理语音变异,但可以降低效率.
- 双语儿童会遇到不同的语言,包括母语和非母语口音.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究双语儿童在不同语言接触后,英语 (L2) 中的语音分类如何变化.
- 检查沿着语音发声时间 (VOT) 线索的分类边界的转移和放松.
- 了解双语儿童对各种语言的适应机制.
主要方法:
- 双语儿童 (L1西班牙语/L2英语) 面临三个条件:母语英语,母语西班牙语,以及西班牙语口音的英语.
- 在每次曝光之前和之后,沿着VOT连续体测量了语音分类.
- 分析了分类边界位置和斜率 (放松) 的变化.
主要成果:
- 接触西班牙语口音的英语导致双语儿童将他们的英语分类边界转移到母语英语模式.
- 对西班牙语母语的接触导致了较小的边界移动和边界放松,表明较弱的类别区分.
- 不同的语音暴露类型在双语儿童中引起了不同的感知适应机制.
结论:
- 先前的语言接触显著影响了双语儿童的第二语言语音处理.
- 适应本地和加重的L2语言涉及不同的感知调整策略.
- 了解这些机制对于解释双语语音获取和处理至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:22Language Development
401
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
401
01:27Language and Cognition
376
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
376
01:28Lateralization
367
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
367