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他们听得越多,学得越多. 使用来自双语者的数据来测试早期词汇发展模型
Andrea Sander-Montant1, Melanie López Pérez1, Krista Byers-Heinlein1
1Concordia Infant Research Lab, Department of Psychology, Concordia University (Canada), 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, PY-033, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.
Cognition
|July 4, 2023
概括
孩子 孩子 孩子 孩子
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 儿童的词理解能力随着年龄的增长而发展,但主要的驱动因素仍然存在争议.
- 成熟理论假定认知成熟度,而积累理论则强调语言体验.
- 了解这些驱动因素对于幼儿教育和语言发展干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查成熟 (年龄) 和语言经验对儿童名词理解的相对贡献.
- 为了比较只有成熟,只有经验,添加和积累的词汇发展模型的预测能力.
- 检查不同语言暴露水平的影响,特别是双语儿童.
主要方法:
- 利用了155名年龄在14-48个月的儿童的档案观看与倾听数据.
- 包括多种语言接触的儿童 (10%100%) 来评估体验效应.
- 我们比较了四种统计模型:仅成熟,仅经验,添加和累积.
主要成果:
- 添加模型,结合年龄和语言经验,最好解释名词学习.
- 较年长的儿童和接触目标语言较多的儿童表现出更好的理解能力和更快的目标识别能力.
- 25%的语言暴露变化相当于4个月的年龄差异;年龄影响在年幼的孩子中更为明显.
- 双语儿童表现出对减少暴露的弹性,与蓄积器模型预测相反.
结论:
- 认知成熟和积累的语言经验都是独立的,对词汇发展的重要贡献者.
- 这些发现挑战了累积器理论,证明双语者对减少语言接触有缓冲作用.
- 看着听着的数据提供了一个强大的方法来研究早期语言学习中的个体差异.
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