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相关概念视频

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale
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Using In Vitro Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study the Dynamics Of Protein Complexes at a Millisecond Time Scale

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对CED-3激活的结构洞察力.

Yini Li1, Lu Tian2, Ying Zhang2

  • 1Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China liyini@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.

Life science alliance
|July 4, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在C. elegans中,编程细胞死亡涉及到CED-3激活,需要CED-4细胞瘤. 新的冷EM结构揭示了CED-4组织和CARD-CARD相互作用如何调节CED-3激活,澄清了这种细胞死亡机制.

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A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 在C. elegans中,编程细胞死亡 (PCC) 的启动由CED-3激活介导,该激活依赖于CED-4细胞因子.
  • 尽管进行了广泛的研究,但CED-4促进CED-3激活的确切机制在很大程度上仍然未知.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明C. elegans中CED-4介导的CED-3激活背后的结构机制.
  • 研究CED-4寡合化和CARD-CARD相互作用在调节细胞死亡中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 低温电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 用于确定 CED-4 细胞核和 CED-4/CED-3 综合体的结构.
  • 生物化学分析以支持结构发现并调查蛋白质相互作用.

主要成果:

  • 化EM揭示了CED-4的多个寡合状态,无论是单独的还是与CED-3复合的,都超出了以前已知的八度体.
  • 结构捕捉了CED-3激活的不同阶段,突出了CARD-CARD相互作用在促进CED-3激活中的作用.
  • 生物化学数据证实,CARD-CARD相互作用对于CED-3激活至关重要.

结论:

  • CED-4细胞因子组的动态组织是启动编程细胞死亡的关键调节点.
  • 保存的 CARD-CARD 相互作用对于 CED-3 激活至关重要,为编程细胞死亡启动提供了分子基础.