在重症监护中个性化营养治疗:10个专家建议
Paul E Wischmeyer1, Danielle E Bear2, Mette M Berger3
1Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3094 Mail # 41, 2301 Erwin Road, 5692 HAFS, Durham, NC, USA. Paul.Wischmeyer@Duke.edu.
Critical care (London, England)
|July 4, 2023
概括
个性化的ICU营养,包括早期的肠道或肠外营养,是重症监护的关键. 间接热量计和蛋白质点指导治疗,未来的研究重点是肌肉监测和合成代谢剂,以改善恢复.
科学领域:
- 关键护理医学 关键护理医学
- 营养支持 营养支持
- 重症监护病房 (ICU) 管理管理
背景情况:
- 个性化营养对于优化重症监护室 (ICU) 患者的治疗结果至关重要.
- 目前的指导方针建议在入院后48小时内提前开始营养支持.
- 新出现的证据支持在肠道营养 (EN) 不可行时安全有效地使用肠道营养 (PN).
研究的目的:
- 根据最新的文献和指导方针,提出针对ICU个性化营养的建议.
- 突出间接热量计 (IC) 和蛋白质输送调整在重症监护营养中的作用.
- 探索ICU营养的未来方向,包括先进的监测和治疗干预措施.
主要方法:
- 关于ICU营养的美国和欧洲指导方针和最新科学文献的审查.
- 讨论营养输送的最佳时间和路线 (肠道与肠道).
- 强调间接热量计用于能源消耗 (EE) 评估和有针对性的营养供应.
- 考虑基于患者稳定性和功能的蛋白质输送策略.
- 探索微量营养素监测,专门营养素和肌肉质量评估工具.
主要成果:
- 建议在48小时内提前开始低剂量肠道营养 (EN) 或肠外营养 (PN).
- 亲肠道营养 (PN) 可以安全地管理与与EN相似的结果,当EN是不可行的.
- 建议在稳定后进行间接热量计 (IC),以指导能耗 (EE) 目标.
- 随着患者的稳定,应将蛋白质输送从低剂量 (<0.8 g/kg/d) 提升到更高的目标 (≥1.2 g/kg/d),在不稳定患者或急性损伤患者中要谨慎.
- 对特定的患者群体来说,对微量营养素的监测和考虑专门的合成营养素是很重要的.
结论:
- 个性化的营养策略,包括量身定制的能量和蛋白质输送,在重症监护中至关重要.
- 临床医生必须意识到与目标相对交付的营养,并使用监测系统.
- 未来的研究应该专注于肌肉监测,合成代谢剂和先进的康复干预措施,以改善ICU后的康复.
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