相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Published on: July 11, 2016

动物Toll类受体的分子演变

Qianqian Su^1,2, Yi Chen¹, Hongxuan He²

¹College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.

Integrative zoology

|July 5, 2023

概括

类受体 (TLRs) 在动物中主要是通过净化选择形成的,其中一些部位受到积极选择,特别是在非病毒感应的TLR中. 这项研究揭示了动物TLR的进化和遗传变异性.

科学领域:

进化生物学是进化的生物学.
免疫学免疫学免疫学
遗传学遗传学是一种遗传学.

背景情况:

收费类受体 (TLRs) 对脊椎动物的先天性和适应性免疫是至关重要的.
动物拥有大量的TLR基因家族,但它们的进化模式尚不清楚.
了解动物的TLR演变对于理解免疫系统适应至关重要.

研究的目的:

研究动物中托尔类受体 (TLR) 家族的进化过程和自然变异.
确定在跨物种和种群层面对TLR基因起作用的选择模式.
为了阐明动物TLRs的进化历史.

主要方法:

对动物TLR基因中的自然变异和进化过程的分析.
在TLR中确定积极选择的地点 (PSS).
在Rattus norvegicus和R. tanezumi中进行了种群遗传分析.
病毒感应TLR与非病毒感应TLR的比较分析.

主要成果:

动物TLRs主要在净化选择中,主要在带结合域中确定了PSS.
非病毒感应的TLRs比病毒感应的TLRs表现出更多的PSS.
在大多数动物物种中,基因转换发生在TLR1和TLR6之间.
特定的TLRs (例如TLR2,TLR8,TLR12,TLR5,TLR9,TLR1,TLR7) 显示了鼠类中积极选择的证据.
功能性多态性在病毒感应TLR中相比于非病毒感应TLR在老鼠中较少.

结论:

这项研究提供了关于动物TLR遗传变异性演变的首个全面洞察.
这些发现凸显了对病毒感应型和非病毒感应型TLRs的明显进化压力.
这项研究为动物中TLRs的长期和短期进化史提供了新的视角.

关键词:

类似于收费的受体.适应性进化是适应性的进化.基因转换基因转换阳性选择是一种积极的选择.动物动物动物

更多相关视频

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

Published on: November 3, 2014

相关概念视频

Transduction

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...

Exon Recombination

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...