如何让正面防撞系统能够应对美国更多的警方报告的车祸?
David G Kidd1, Eric R Teoh1, Jessica S Jermakian1
1Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 988 Dairy Road, Ruckersville, VA 22968, USA.
Accident; analysis and prevention
|July 5, 2023
概括
前部防撞 (FCP) 测试需要超越后端和行人场景. 评估更高的速度,复杂的碰撞和易受伤害的道路使用者将改善所有人的安全.
科学领域:
- 交通安全工程 交通安全工程
- 汽车安全系统汽车安全系统
- 崩数据分析 崩数据分析
背景情况:
- 美国目前的正面碰撞预防 (FCP) 测试计划专注于特定的碰撞类型.
- 可以鼓励汽车制造商通过扩展的测试协议来解决更多的碰撞场景.
- 了解代表性不足的车祸情景对于提高FCP有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析2016-2020年的撞车数据,以确定与当前和未来的FCP系统相关的撞车类型.
- 为美国车辆测试计划提供路线图,以评估额外的碰撞场景.
- 为开发更全面的FCP测试和评估方法提供信息.
主要方法:
- 从事故报告采样系统 (CRSS) 和死亡分析报告系统 (FARS) (2016-2020) 提取了事故记录.
- 过的碰撞包括那些乘用车作为撞击或侵入路径的车辆,不超过两辆车辆,没有编码的车辆缺陷的碰撞.
- 警方报告的非致命伤害和致命事故的计算百分比,跨越各种事故类型和情况.
主要成果:
- 现有的FCP测试覆盖了27%的警察报告,19%的非致命事故和18%的致命事故;剩余的场景代表了重大安全差距.
- 转 (8%的警察报告,13%的非致命) 和正面碰撞 (9%的致命) 是关键的未解决的领域.
- 较高的速度 (30-50英里/小时),中型/重型卡车,摩托车和夜间条件不成比例地在致命和严重的碰撞中出现.
结论:
- 应扩大FCP测试范围,包括更高的速度,多种类型的车辆 (非乘客),易受伤害的道路使用者,以及复杂的场景,如正面撞车和转撞车.
- 纳入夜间条件和特定的碰撞伙伴 (卡车,摩托车) 对于减少死亡和受伤至关重要.
- 采用这些扩展的测试条件,可能使用虚拟测试,可以显著提高整体道路安全.
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