游击者优生学:遗传性人类基因组编辑中的基因驱动
1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada asher.cutter@utoronto.ca.
Journal of medical ethics
|July 5, 2023
概括
克里斯普尔-卡斯9基因驱动器可以通过遗传性人类基因组编辑来实现非自愿的优生学. 这项技术绕过了同意,损害了生殖自主权,需要暂停其发展.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 克里斯普尔-Cas9技术能够改变人类基因组,引发了重要的生物伦理讨论.
- 可遗传的人类基因组编辑提出了关于其应用和后果的深刻哲学和政策问题.
研究的目的:
- 探索CRISPR-Cas9基因驱动器对可遗传的人类基因组编辑的尚未探索的含义.
- 在基因驱动技术的背景下引入和定义"游击者优生学"的概念.
主要方法:
- 在遗传性人类基因组编辑中对基因驱动机制的概念分析.
- 检查与同意,自治和优生学相关的伦理挑战.
- 对人类种群中基因驱动的潜在进化固定时间线的预测.
主要成果:
- 应用于遗传性人类基因组编辑的基因驱动器可能构成一种非自愿的优生学实践 ("游击者优生学") 的新形式.
- 基因驱动取代了个人和生殖伙伴的同意,损害了自主权和选择退出基因组编辑的能力.
- 基因驱动器的快速进化固定在几个世纪内是可能的,比非驱动器的生殖系编辑要快得多.
结论:
- 在人类基因组中引入可遗传的基因驱动器带来了基本的伦理问题,包括监控和逆转的问题.
- 当前的政策指导方针不足以解决人类基因驱动所带来的具体风险.
- 由于这些道德问题,对遗传人类基因组编辑的基因驱动开发进行明确的暂停是合理的.
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