自我估计的导航能力和定向性能之间的差距的文化决定因素:来自46个国家的证据
S Walkowiak1,2, A Coutrot3, M Hegarty4
1Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London, UK.
Scientific reports
|July 5, 2023
概括
文化因素显著影响国家对认知能力的自我认知,特别是在空间导航方面. 一些文化表现出过度自信,而另一些文化表现出缺乏自信,独立于实际表现.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 认知能力的自我估计在个人和文化之间有很大的差异.
- 文化层面,如个人主义和男子气概,影响社会价值观和自信.
- 了解文化对自我感知的影响对于解释认知表现数据至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究文化层面与国家对空间导航能力的自我评价之间的关系.
- 为了确定文化集群是否与认知技能的高估或低估有关.
- 探索性别刻板印象和年龄对自我评估准确性的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自Sea Hero Quest导航测试的大型国际样本 (N=383,187) 的数据.
- 分析了46个国家的自我评价能力与实际表现,并分为文化集群.
- 与已确立的文化维度相关的国家表现和自我评分,包括霍夫斯泰德的男性性指数.
主要成果:
- 国家一级的自我评价与国家一级的表现没有相关性,这表明自我认知的文化偏见.
- 德国和近东国家表现出最高的过度自信,而北欧国家表现出最低的自信.
- 较高的国家男子气概 (对男性刻板印象角色的积极态度) 与较高的国家过度自信相关.
结论:
- 文化集群表现出明显的超值或低估空间导航能力的模式.
- 按男子气概来衡量的性别刻板印象似乎调解了国家自我评估偏见.
- 人口统计因素,如年龄和性别,也会影响自尊,老年男性高估自己的技能.
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