通过反复选择来改善种群,推动了高地大米育种中的遗传收益
Adriano Pereira de Castro1, Flávio Breseghello2, Isabela Volpi Furtini2
1Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antonio de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil. adriano.castro@embrapa.br.
Heredity
|July 5, 2023
概括
在高地大米育种中,反复选择显著增加了谷物产量,达到215公斤/公/周期. 这种种群体改善策略增强了定量特征的遗传收益,有助于识别优异的基因型.
科学领域:
- 植物育种 植物育种
- 定量遗传学 是一个量子遗传学.
- 农业科学 农业科学
背景情况:
- 识别优越的基因型是育种计划中的一个主要挑战.
- 循环选择增加了有利的等位基因频率,改善了目标特征的种群平均值.
- 通过反复选择改善高地大米种群的情况未得到充分利用,除了拉丁美洲.
研究的目的:
- 评估CNA6高地大米种群在五个周期的反复选择后实现的遗传收益.
- 在Embrapa的两阶段育种计划中评估反复选择的有效性.
- 为了确定从反复的选择周期获得的线条是否超过现有控制.
主要方法:
- 在五个选择周期 (3-7) 和20个实地试验中利用了CNA6群体.
- 为粮食产量计算实现的遗传收益.
- 分析了来自周期3-6的线条的高级产量试验,与对照品种对比.
主要成果:
- 观察到粮食产量的遗传增益率很高:每公215公斤/公/周期 (67.8公/年或3.08%).
- 只有在最后的选择周期中,CNA6种群表现优于对照种群,产量增加了1128公斤/公.
- 从3-6周期衍生出的品种产量很好,但在高级试验中没有超过对照品种.
结论:
- 经常性选择有效地推动了对粮食产量等定量特征的显著遗传收益,当应用于具有足够遗传变异性的种群时.
- 将循环选择整合到两阶段的育种计划中,可以增强定量特征,同时允许对其他可取特征进行选择.
- 这一策略提高了在育种计划中识别优质基因型的潜力.
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