风力发电的地理平衡减少了存储需求,在100%可再生能源的欧洲电力行业中
Alexander Roth1, Wolf-Peter Schill1
1German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Mohrenstraße 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
iScience
|July 6, 2023
概括
欧盟国家相互连接将大大减少30%的电力存储需求,以实现100%可再生能源系统. 国家之间风力发电可用性的差异是这种储能减少的主要驱动因素.
科学领域:
- 能源系统分析 能源系统分析
- 整合可再生能源的整合
- 动力系统灵活性 动力系统灵活性
背景情况:
- 全球减少温室气体排放的努力需要大规模扩大可变可再生能源,如风能和太阳能光伏.
- 整合高比例的可变可再生能源需要在电力部门提高灵活性,以确保电网的稳定性和可靠性.
- 通过互连和电力储存进行地理平衡是提供这种必要灵活性的关键策略.
研究的目的:
- 通过相互连接量化地理平衡对在100%可再生能源场景下所需的电力存储能力的影响.
- 分解和评估相互连接影响最佳存储需求的具体因素.
- 分析国家特定的可再生能源发电模式,负载概况和现有的传统发电组合之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 利用容量扩展模型模拟12个中欧国家的100%可再生能源场景.
- 应用了因子化方法来分离和量化不同因素对储存减少的贡献.
- 分析了不同太阳能光伏和风力发电可用性,负载配置以及水电/生物能源容量的影响.
主要成果:
- 与没有互联的情景相比,各国之间的互联减少了大约30%的总体电力存储需求.
- 各国风力发电可用性模式的差异被确定为最重要的因素,解释了约80%的储能减少归因于互连.
- 太阳能光伏可用性和负载配置的变化也为互连的储能减少效益做出了贡献.
结论:
- 通过跨境电力互连实现地理平衡是减少未来可再生能源系统对大规模电力存储的依赖的高效战略.
- 优化互连可以显著降低与实现100%可再生能源未来相关的成本和技术挑战.
- 电网基础设施的政策和投资应优先加强互连,以利用不同地区的可再生能源资源.
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