在整个青少年时期,执行功能和社会功能之间的双向纵向关系
Eliya Ben-Asher1, Blaire M Porter1, Mary Abbe Roe1
1Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin.
Developmental psychology
|July 6, 2023
概括
执行功能 (EF) 和社会功能在整个青春期都在发展. 这项研究发现了这些技能之间的双向关系,社会动机特别影响了未来的EF发展.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 执行功能 (EF) 和社会功能对于青少年的发展和生活结果至关重要.
- 现有的研究表明,EF影响社会功能,但青春期需要进一步研究.
- 青春期可能是社会互动也塑造EF发展的关键时期.
研究的目的:
- 调查青春期执行功能和社会功能之间的纵向,双向关系.
- 确定社会功能的特定组成部分,可以预测执行功能的成熟.
- 加强对EF和社会技能在青少年发育过程中的相互作用的理论理解.
主要方法:
- 长度研究设计,99名参与者年龄为8-19岁,每年评估3年.
- 利用交叉滞后的面板模型来分析EF和社会功能之间的相互影响.
- 检查了社会功能的各种组成部分,包括社会动机.
主要成果:
- 在3年期间,执行职能显著改善.
- 社会功能在各个年龄段保持相对一致.
- 证实了双向关系:第一年EF预测了第二年的社会功能,第一年和第二年的社会功能预测了第三年的EF.
- 青春期早期的社会动机是以后执行功能结果的一致预测因素.
结论:
- 执行功能和社会功能在青春期表现出一种动态的,双向的相互作用.
- 社会动机成为影响青少年执行功能成熟的一个关键因素.
- 这些发现有助于更深入地了解这些关键的认知和社会技能如何在整个青春期共同发展.
相关概念视频
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
84
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
84
01:17Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence
168
Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, "identity versus role confusion," is crucial during adolescence (ages 12 to 18). In this stage, adolescents face the developmental task of forging a distinct personal identity, a process influenced by social, psychological, and biological changes typical of this period. Adolescents naturally explore different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as they navigate complex questions of self-concept, asking, "Who am I?" and...
168
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
64
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
64
01:23Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
86
Adolescence is a pivotal period of identity formation, during which individuals begin to answer questions central to their sense of self, such as "Who am I?" and "Who do I hope to become?" Both parents and peers play critical roles in guiding adolescents through this complex developmental phase.
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
86
01:30Information Processing Approach
80
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
80
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
58
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
58