新疫苗引入的现状 - 全球,2016-2021年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|July 6, 2023
概括
在全球范围内,只有17%的国家提供了世卫组织推的所有10种疫苗. 在COVID-19期间,疫苗引入率有所下降,这凸显了加快获得新和未充分利用疫苗的迫切需要.
科学领域:
- 全球卫生健康 全球卫生健康
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 建议使用8种新型和未充分利用的疫苗,其中包括10种抗原.
- 公平接种疫苗仍然是一个全球性挑战,影响公共卫生结果.
研究的目的:
- 评估世界卫生组织推的10种疫苗抗原的全球引入情况.
- 分析新疫苗引入的趋势,特别是在COVID-19大流行的情况下.
主要方法:
- 在194个国家进行了一项全球调查,以确定在常规免疫计划中包含10种特定疫苗抗原.
- 关于疫苗引入率的数据收集到2021年.
主要成果:
- 截至2021年,只有33个 (17%) 国家包括所有10个推的抗原;只有一个低收入国家实现了这一点.
- 引入率有所不同:乙型肝炎出生剂量 (57%),HPV (59%),罗塔病毒 (60%),DTaP提升剂 (72%),PCV (78%),红疹 (89%),第二次麻疹剂量 (94%),Hib (99%).
- 与2019年 (48) 相比,2020年 (15) 的新疫苗引入量显著下降,但在2021年增加到26个.
结论:
- 在全球推的新型和未充分使用的疫苗的接种中,仍然存在显著的差距.
- 由于COVID-19大流行扰乱了疫苗引进时间表,因此需要加快努力,以实现2021-2030年免疫议程的目标.
- 需要采取紧急行动,以确保所有推疫苗的普遍和公平获取.
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