αS1-casein,基因型和瑞典乳山羊牛奶的质量特征之间的关系
Monika Johansson1, Åse Lundh1, Anna Maria Johansson2
1Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden.
Journal of dairy science
|July 6, 2023
概括
瑞典山羊的挪威零等位基因 (D) 显著降低了αS1-素 (αS1-CN) 产量,影响了牛奶质量. 建议进行育种计划,以改善瑞典乳山羊的牛奶成分和奶酪产量.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学和动物繁殖
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 食品化学 食品化学
背景情况:
- 瑞典的手工山羊奶酪生产正在增长,对当地生产的乳制品的需求也在增加.
- CSN1S1基因影响αS1-素 (αS1-CN) 表达,这是奶酪产量的关键蛋白质.
- 进口的挪威山羊经常携带"D"等位基因,CSN1S1基因中的多态性导致αS1-CN减少.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究CSN1S1基因多态化与瑞典兰德拉斯山羊的牛奶质量特征之间的联系.
- 为了确定挪威零等位基因 (D) 在瑞典奶山羊种群中的频率.
- 评估αS1-CN表达水平对牛奶成分和奶酪制造参数的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自75只瑞典Landrace山羊的牛奶样本进行了αS1-CN表达和CSN1S1基因型 (DD,DG,DA/AG/AA) 的分析.
- 测量了牛奶的质量特征,包括总蛋白质,pH值,β-素,αS2-素和自由脂肪酸.
- 使用了统计分析,包括主要组件分析 (PCA),单向ANOVA和Tukey对对比.
主要成果:
- 大多数采样山羊 (72%) 呈现低αS1-CN含量 (0-6.82%的总蛋白质).
- 挪威的零等位基因 (D) 非常普遍 (59%的同卵性DD),只有15%携带高度表达的A等位基因.
- 低αS1-CN度与较低的总蛋白质,较高的pH值,增加的β-素和增加的自由脂肪酸有关. 同性卵性DD山羊表现出类似但更明显的效应,体细胞数量较高和αS2-CN.
结论:
- 挪威零基因基因 (D) 的高频率显著影响了瑞典乳山羊的牛奶成分.
- 由于CSN1S1基因型的αS1-CN表达的变化会影响奶酪生产相关的关键牛奶质量参数.
- 实施国家育种计划对于优化瑞典乳山羊的遗传潜力以提高牛奶质量和产量至关重要.
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