相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 24, 2025

16:14
Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study
Published on: February 25, 2013
13.6K
在OpenStreetMap中对全球城市建筑数据的完整性和不平等性进行时空分析
Benjamin Herfort1,2, Sven Lautenbach3, João Porto de Albuquerque4
1Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology, Heidelberg, Germany. benjamin.herfort@heigit.org.
Nature communications
|July 6, 2023
概括
开放街地图的建筑数据显示,全球覆盖范围存在重大差距,影响了城市分析. 机器学习显示,虽然一些城市的地图绘制得很好,但许多其他城市缺乏足够的建筑数据,阻碍了可持续发展目标的评估.
科学领域:
- 地理信息科学 地理信息科学
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- OpenStreetMap (OSM) 是城市研究的关键全球数据集,包括可持续发展目标 (SDGs).
- 现有的城市分析往往忽视了OSM数据的不均的空间分布和完整性.
- 解决数据缺口对于准确的全球城市评估至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化OpenStreetMap在13,189个全球城市聚集区的建筑物库存数据的完整性.
- 在OSM建筑数据覆盖中识别空间偏差的模式和驱动因素.
- 为改善城市研究中的OSM数据实用性提供可行的建议.
主要方法:
- 利用机器学习模型估计OSM建筑足迹数据的完整性.
- 分析了全球13,189个城市聚集区的数据.
- 研究了不同城市人口,人类发展指数群体和地理区域的完整性差异.
主要成果:
- 城市人口的16%居住在OSM建筑数据超过80%完整的地区 (1,848个城市中心).
- 48%的城市人口生活在不到20%的OSM建筑数据完整性 (9,163个城市) 的城市.
- 尽管最近有所改善,但仍然存在显著的空间偏差,因发展状况,人口和地区而异.
结论:
- 不均的OSM建筑数据完整性对全球城市分析和可持续发展目标监测构成挑战.
- 人道主义绘制地图的努力已经减少了一些不平等,但复杂的空间偏见仍然存在.
- 为数据生产者和分析师提供建议,以管理和评估OSM数据完整性偏差.
相关概念视频
Levels of Use of a GIS
72
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
72
Selected Data About Geographic Locations
49
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
49
Manipulation and Analysis
44
GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...
44
Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS
73
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
73
Thematic Layering in GIS
59
In the past, planning projects such as schools or public facilities required extensive manual effort to gather and compile data. Information such as property boundaries, soil characteristics, road networks, zoning regulations, and flood zones had to be sourced individually from courthouses, utility providers, and registry offices. Assembling these datasets into a coherent format often took several months, delaying project timelines.The introduction of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)...
59
Methods of Obtaining Topography
87
Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
87

