在瘤基因中共享的热点突变将狗定位为精确治疗的无与伦比的比较模型
Lucas Rodrigues1, Joshua Watson2, Yuan Feng2
1One Health Company, Inc, 530 Lytton Ave, 2nd Floor, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA. lucas@fidocure.com.
Scientific reports
|July 6, 2023
概括
狗和人类癌症具有相似的遗传突变,包括TP53.3等关键瘤基因. 这项研究强调狗作为人类癌症研究和向治疗开发的有价值的翻译模型.
科学领域:
- 比较性瘤学研究
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 翻译性癌症研究
背景情况:
- 自然发生的犬类癌症与人类癌症有显著的相似之处.
- 了解这些相似之处可以促进兽医和人类医学的发展.
研究的目的:
- 研究和比较大型犬类瘤队列中的遗传突变与人类癌症突变档案.
- 为了确定共享的瘤驱动因素和犬类和人类癌症之间的突变热点.
- 验证狗癌症模型对翻译研究的有用性.
主要方法:
- 基因组分析50种已确定的瘤基因和瘤抑制剂在671个客户拥有的狗跨96个品种和23种瘤类型.
- 鉴定到的犬类突变与已知的人类癌症突变数据的比较.
- 鉴定特定突变热点及其与瘤类型的关联.
主要成果:
- 在犬类瘤中,TP53是最常发生突变的基因 (22.5%).
- 与人类癌症共享的突变热点在PIK3CA,KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,KIT和EGFR等瘤基因中被确定.
- 特定的突变 (例如NRAS G61R,PIK3CA H1047R,ERBB2 V659E,BRAF V588E) 与特定的犬类瘤类型有显著的关联.
结论:
- 狗瘤经常存在着众所周知的瘤基因和瘤抑制剂的突变,反映了人类癌症遗传学.
- 鉴定到的共享基因变异强化了狗作为人类癌症转化模型的作用.
- 这些发现支持对犬癌症患者的向疗法进行调查,以获得更广泛的人类癌症应用.
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