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相关概念视频

Cause and Effect01:53

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis
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不注意的响应可以诱导任务行为和症状措施之间的虚假关联.

Samuel Zorowitz1, Johanne Solis2, Yael Niv3,4

  • 1Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. szorowi1@gmail.com.

Nature human behaviour
|July 6, 2023
PubMed
概括

在线精神病学研究可能会产生误导性的结果,因为不小心的响应者. 这项研究表明,不注意的参与者如何在认知任务表现和症状得分之间建立虚假联系,特别是在更大的样本中.

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科学领域:

  • 精神病学研究方法的方法.
  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 在线数据收集在线数据收集

背景情况:

  • 在线样本为精神病学研究提供了优势,但也带来了独特的挑战.
  • 不完全理解潜在的陷,如虚假的相关性.
  • 在精神科调查中,不对称的分数分布可能会受到不小心的反应的影响.

研究的目的:

  • 详细说明导致在线精神病学研究中任务行为和症状得分之间存在虚假相关性的情况.
  • 调查不小心响应对这些相关性的影响.
  • 评估缓解虚假发现的方法.

主要方法:

  • 分析两个在线样本 (N=779) 执行常见的认知任务.
  • 检查调查数据对不小心响应的调查数据.
  • 对不注意的任务执行数据的评估.
  • 统计分析以确定症状得分和任务行为之间的相关性.

主要成果:

  • 在在线样本中,在症状得分和任务行为之间观察到虚假的相关性.
  • 这些相关性的假阳性率随样本规模的增加而增加.
  • 排除基于调查疏忽的参与者消除了虚假的相关性.
  • 仅基于任务执行的排斥在消除这些虚假关联方面效果不佳.

结论:

  • 在精神科调查中不小心的反应可以在在线研究中与认知任务表现产生人工关联.
  • 研究人员必须小心虚假的相关性,特别是在大型在线数据集.
  • 实施对不小心回答调查的检查对于在线精神病学研究中的数据完整性至关重要.