弥合五种非传染性疾病的"知识"差距,使用由实施科学驱动的共同框架
James F Donohue1, J Stuart Elborn2, Peter Lansberg3
1UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Journal of healthcare leadership
|July 7, 2023
概括
非传染性疾病 (NCD) 导致全球三分之二的死亡,并具有共同的风险因素. 实施科学提供了一个框架来弥合"实践知识"差距,减少低收入和中等收入国家的非传染性疾病.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 实施科学 实施科学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 五种主要的非传染性疾病 (NCD) - - 心血管疾病,慢性呼吸系统疾病,糖尿病,癌症和精神疾病 - - 导致了全球三分之二的死亡.
- 这些非传染性疾病具有共同的危险因素:烟草使用,不健康的饮食,身体不活动,酒精消费和空气污染.
- 低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 与高收入国家 (HICs) 相比,不成比例地承受着更高的非传染性疾病负担,由社会经济和卫生系统差异加剧.
研究的目的:
- 审查五大非传染性疾病的共同挑战.
- 解释用于解决非传染性疾病的实施科学原则.
- 倡导基于证据的NCD预防和管理框架,特别是在LMICs.
主要方法:
- 综述心血管疾病,慢性呼吸道疾病,糖尿病,癌症和心理健康状况中常见的挑战.
- 实施科学原则和方法的解释.
- 提出一个以证据为基础的框架,重点关注早期检测,预防和赋权.
主要成果:
- 确定了五种主要非传染性疾病的共同挑战和风险因素.
- 强调"实践知识"的差距限制了NCD干预措施的有效性,特别是在LMICs.
- 提出了一个框架,整合HIC和LMIC的最佳实践,强调伙伴关系,领导力和持续护理.
结论:
- 实施科学提供了强大的方法来评估和实施可持续的NCD解决方案.
- 一个以证据为基础的多元组件框架,在伙伴关系和领导的支持下,可以减少非传染性疾病的负担.
- 通过提高认识和协调政策来改变医疗保健生态系统,可以使医疗保健更容易获得,更负担得起,更可持续,从而减少非传染性疾病.
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