相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

神经反应是非凡的利他主义者对社会上遥远的他人慷慨的基础

Shawn A Rhoads¹, Katherine O'Connell², Kathryn Berluti¹

¹Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.

|July 7, 2023

概括

不同寻常的利他主义者表现出减少了社会折扣,不是通过克服自私,而是通过真正珍惜陌生人来表现出他们的社会折扣.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
社会心理学社会心理学
行为经济学是一种行为经济学.

背景情况:

社交折扣描述了对陌生人的慷慨程度低于亲密的倾向.
个人表现出非凡的利他主义,如利他主义的脏捐赠者,显示显著减少了社会折扣.
导致利他主义者减少社会折扣的潜在神经和认知机制尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

调查利他主义者减少的社会折扣是否源于努力克服自私,还是真正更重视陌生人的福利.
与对照者相比,探索与利他主义者主观价值编码相关的神经相关性.
检查爱心冥想 (LKM) 训练对社会折扣行为和神经模式的影响.

主要方法:

功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于研究利他主义者 (N=77) 和在社会折扣任务中匹配的对照.
一组对照组 (N=25) 接受了慈爱冥想 (LKM) 训练干预.
分析了行为和神经数据,以比较利他主义者和对照者,并评估LKM训练的影响.

主要成果:

无论是行为数据还是神经成像数据都不支持利他主义者克服自私的假设;相反,在社会价值编码区域中发现了差异.
诸如正面前带状皮质 (ACC) 和杏仁体等区域在利他主义者中显示出明显的激活模式,与对他人的福祉的主观评价相关.
LKM培训并没有在行为或神经上增强慷慨,但在社交折扣期间增加了参与者的感知困难.

结论:

非凡的利他主义与参与社会决策的大脑区域如何编码他人福利的主观价值有关,而不是努力的自我控制.
针对性干预以提高对他人的福利的主观评价可能是促进更大慷慨的关键.
慈爱冥想可能不会直接增加利他主义行为,但可以提高人们对社会折扣的挑战的认识.

关键词:

利他主义利他主义神经经济学神经经济学亲社会选择是一个亲社会选择.社会贴现是指社会贴现.社会评价的社会评价.

更多相关视频

Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice

Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice

Published on: November 22, 2024

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

相关概念视频

Egoism and Altruism

Egoism and Altruism

Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?

Altruism

Altruism

Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.

Empathy

Empathy

Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.

Inclusive Fitness

Inclusive Fitness

Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.

Bystander Effect

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...