即使是小孩子在复杂的视觉世界里也会做出多个预测
Linda Sommerfeld1, Maria Staudte2, Nivedita Mani3
1Department of Psychology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|July 7, 2023
概括
小孩子,像成年人一样,可以通过并行处理多个可能性来预测即将出现的单词. 较大的受体词汇增加了儿童在语言理解过程中的预测能力.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 成年人利用句子上下文来预测即将到来的单词,并专注于相关的对象.
- 以前的研究表明,儿童可以预测单词的连续.
研究的目的:
- 调查幼儿在语言处理过程中是否能够同时保持多个预测选项.
- 复制关于儿童预测因受体词汇量大小的调制的发现.
主要方法:
- 德国儿童 (5-6岁) 和成年人在听句子时观看四个物体的视觉场景.
- 在参与者处理语义上限制动词时,追踪了他们眼睛的运动.
- 与动词约束一致的对象数量各不相同 (0,1,3,或4).
主要成果:
- 儿童和成人都预先固定了与动词约束一致的对象,即使有多个选项可用.
- 不一致的对象被固定不太频繁.
- 拥有较大的感受词汇的儿童显示出对潜在目标的预期固定能力增强.
结论:
- 幼儿与成年人相似,在语言理解过程中可以并行保持和处理多个预测.
- 感知词汇量是影响儿童预测处理的一个重要因素.
- 这项研究提供了早期儿童复杂的预测性语言处理的证据.
相关概念视频
01:15Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
741
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
741
01:14Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development
119
The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone,...
119