外体非编码RNA介导的脂质代谢的时空调节:对免疫逃避和慢性炎症的影响
Mangala Hegde1, Aviral Kumar1, Sosmitha Girisa1
1Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
Cytokine & growth factor reviews
|July 7, 2023
概括
外体细胞通过调节免疫反应,在慢性炎症性疾病中发挥关键作用. 它们的非编码RNA调节脂质代谢,为疾病预防和治疗提供了新的治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 慢性炎症疾病的特点是免疫逃避,涉及复杂的机制,抑制免疫反应.
- 外体,囊泡参与细胞间通信,在疾病进展中表现出免疫刺激和免疫逃避特性.
- 脂质及其新陈代谢对免疫细胞功能,炎症酶激活和整体免疫监测至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查外体在慢性炎症疾病中的免疫逃避中的作用.
- 要突出外体衍生分子,特别是非编码RNA在免疫调节中的参与.
- 通过专注于它们在脂质代谢调节中的作用来探索外体的治疗潜力.
主要方法:
- 在慢性炎症中对外体,免疫逃避和脂质代谢的最新研究的文献综述.
- 对外体载荷 (脂质,蛋白质,RNA) 的分析及其对免疫细胞活性的影响.
- 综合与免疫代谢和外体细胞介导治疗策略相关的发现.
主要成果:
- 外体是免疫逃逸的关键媒介,利用不同的分子载荷进行免疫调节.
- 外基因组衍生的脂质和非编码RNA显著影响脂质代谢和免疫反应.
- 脂质代谢的失调与异常的免疫反应和炎症性疾病有关.
结论:
- 外体和它们的载荷,特别是非编码RNA,提供了通过脂质代谢调节来调节免疫反应的新机制.
- 向外体介导的脂质代谢为慢性炎症疾病的预防和治疗提供了一个有希望的途径.
- 对外体衍生非编码RNA的进一步研究对炎症条件具有显著的治疗潜力.
相关概念视频
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.7K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.7K
Overview of Exosomes
2.8K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.8K
MicroRNAs
3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
2.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.4K
Translational Regulation
45
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
45
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
16.9K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.9K


