暴露于水泥灰尘的非正式工人中的肺功能和呼吸道疾病:一个比较的横截面研究
Kumar Dushyant1, Gagandeep Kaur Walia2, Niveditha Devasenapathy1
1Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, IN.
Annals of global health
|July 10, 2023
概括
接触水泥灰的非正式工人显示肺功能显著降低,呼吸系统症状增加. 这凸显了迫切需要制定政策来保护这些易受伤害的工人免受职业危害.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 环境医学 环境医学
- 肺部医学 肺部医学
背景情况:
- 暴露于水泥灰尘是主要的职业危害,特别影响肺功能和呼吸系统健康.
- 虽然工厂工人的风险是众所周知的,但全球和印度缺乏接触水泥灰的非正式工人的数据.
- 非正规工人代表了一个脆弱的人群,有可能承担相当大的职业呼吸道疾病负担.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较暴露于水泥灰尘的非正式工人和未暴露的对照组之间的肺功能和呼吸系统症状.
- 量化水泥灰暴露对非正式工人的呼吸道健康指标的影响.
- 提供证据,证明需要对非正规劳动者进行卫生政策干预.
主要方法:
- 在印度德里进行了一项基于社区的比较横截面研究.
- 使用便携式螺旋计测量肺功能,并收集呼吸系统症状.
- 随便抽取的非正式工人 (n=100) 暴露于水泥灰尘,与室内 (裁,n=50) 和室外 (蔬菜卖家,n=50) 没有暴露的工人进行了比较.
- 对年龄,BMI,吸烟,社会经济地位和暴露年数进行了调整后的回归分析.
主要成果:
- 暴露在水泥灰尘中的工人表现出明显降低的肺功能,包括峰值呼气流 (PEF) 和1秒内强制呼气量/强制生命能力比率 (%FEV1/FVC).
- 暴露于水泥粉尘与减少PEF (MD = -0.75L) 和FEV1/FVC (MD = -3.87) 的比例有关.
- 与未暴露组相比,暴露的工人报告的慢性呼吸道症状是暴露者的三倍 (p < 0.001).
结论:
- 这项研究提供了关于非正式工人暴露在水泥灰中的呼吸系统健康负担的关键证据.
- 职业接触水泥灰会严重损害肺功能,并增加非正式工人的呼吸道症状.
- 迫切需要进行政策改革,以保护非正式工人的健康免受水泥灰尘等职业暴露.
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