脆弱人群中COVID-19疫苗接种的有效性和安全性:对33项观察性研究的元分析
Hui-Jun Li1, Qi-Chao Yang2, Yang-Yang Yao1
1Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
Frontiers in pharmacology
|July 10, 2023
概括
与健康个体相比,COVID-19疫苗接种在脆弱人群中引起较低的免疫反应,但不良事件是相似的. 患有血液癌症的患者需要更密切的监测.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 尽管COVID-19疫苗接种广泛,但对弱势群体的最佳策略仍然不清楚.
- 在风险群体中缺乏对COVID-19疫苗安全性和有效性的系统分析.
- 这项研究解决了对脆弱人群疫苗反应的综合数据的需求.
研究的目的:
- 在脆弱人群中系统分析COVID-19疫苗的安全性和有效性.
- 为了比较疫苗接种后脆弱和健康个体之间的幽默和细胞免疫反应.
- 在不同的人口群体接种COVID-19疫苗后评估不良事件.
主要方法:
- 对PubMed,EMBASE和Cochrane中央控制试验注册表进行系统的文献搜索,截至2022年7月12日.
- 包括23篇文章 (32项研究),比较疫苗接种后的结果.
- 对幽默 (IgG,IgA,IgM,中和抗体) 和细胞免疫反应以及不良事件的分析.
主要成果:
- 与健康人群相比,脆弱人群的IgG,IgA,IgM,中和抗体和T细胞水平明显较低.
- 对IgG和IgA抗体的阳性检测率,以及细胞免疫反应率在脆弱群体中较低.
- 两组之间没有观察到不良事件 (发烧,,肌痛,局部疼痛,头痛,敏感,疲劳) 的统计学上显著差异.
结论:
- 接种COVID-19疫苗后的血清转化率通常在脆弱人群中较低,但安全性概况与健康人群相似.
- 血液癌症患者的IgG抗体水平最低,需要更密切的临床关注.
- 联合COVID-19疫苗方案导致抗体水平高于单一疫苗方案.
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