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夜行鸟类是否使用声学和视觉线索来避免蝙蝠的掠食?

Lixin Gong^1,2, Huan Wu^1,2, Zhiqiang Wang^1,2

¹Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.

Integrative zoology

|July 10, 2023

概括

夜行鸟类很难通过声音或视觉来检测蝙蝠,即使在近距离. 它们的反掠食策略有限,这表明蝙蝠可能不是这些物种的主要捕食者威胁.

科学领域:

动物行为动物行为
生态生态学生态生态学
感官生物学感官生物学

背景情况:

反捕食策略对于动物的生存和了解捕食者-猎物动态至关重要.
感官捕食者检测 (声学,视觉) 告知风险评估和避免,但对夜行动物的研究是有限的.
蝙蝠食的夜间鸟是研究低光条件下的反掠夺行为的一个模型.

研究的目的:

为了研究夜行鸟对蝙蝠掠食的反掠食行为.
为了确定鸟类是否可以通过声学 (回声定位呼叫) 和视觉线索来检测蝙蝠.
为了评估这些线索在不同强度光线下的有效性.

主要方法:

播放鸟食蝙蝠 (Ia io) 的回声定位呼叫给两种流鸟 (Zosterops japonicus,Sinosuthora webbiana) 的鸟类.
在不同的光照条件下 (黑暗,月光) 呈现的鸟类与单个蝙蝠.
观察并记录鸟类的反应,包括逃生行为.

主要成果:

这两种鸟类都感知到蝙蝠回声定位呼叫的低频可听部分,但仅仅对声学没有表现出逃脱反应.
在黑暗或月光条件下,鸟类对近距离的活跃蝙蝠没有反应.
只有当蝙蝠身体接近或触摸鸟类时,才观察到逃避飞行行为.

结论:

夜间的鸟可能缺乏对蝙蝠的有效声学或视觉检测机制.
蝙蝠的捕食压力可能不会在这些夜行鸟类中引发主要的捕食者回避反应.
这些发现为夜行动物的反掠夺策略提供了新的见解.

关键词:

反掠夺行为反掠夺行为夜行动物夜行动物.感官线索感官线索感官线索感官防御系统感官防御系统

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