多位元同性促进了野生哺乳动物的精算衰老
Dave W Hudson1, Trevelyan J McKinley2, Clare H Benton3
1Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
The Journal of animal ecology
|July 10, 2023
概括
在整个基因组中增加的同胞性或近亲繁殖,加速了欧洲的衰老和死亡率. 这种影响在晚年显著,牛结核 (bTB) 感染加剧了这种影响.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 野生动物生态生态学
背景情况:
- 整个基因组的同胞性,通常是内生繁殖的结果,理论上与生存和繁殖的减少有关.
- 进化压力表明,这些健康成本在老年人中表现得最明显,因为选择作用于年轻,更有生殖价值的人.
研究的目的:
- 调查野生欧洲大的多部位同卵性 (MLH),性别,疾病和年龄相关的死亡风险之间的关系.
- 分析MLH对Gompertz-Makeham死亡危险函数参数的影响.
主要方法:
- 贝叶斯对来自欧洲大 (Meles meles) 野生种群的生命史数据的贝叶斯分析.
- 对自然感染Mycobacterium bovis (牛结核病 (bTB)) 的个人进行评估.
- 在不同年龄和性别之间推断MLH和死亡风险之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 多位元同性显著影响戈珀茨-马克汉姆死亡危险函数的所有参数,特别是在晚年.
- 增加的同卵性与早期发病和加速的精算衰老率有关,不论性别.
- 同胞性对衰老的负面影响在感染了bTB的子中得到了放大.
结论:
- 基因组同胞性与欧洲的加速衰老 (实际衰老) 有关,这证实了进化预测.
- 同性合体的有害影响在老年人中更为明显,并因疾病而加剧.
- 建议进行进一步的研究,以探索同卵性和其潜在的早期影响的生态/行为驱动因素.
相关概念视频
01:49Hardy-Weinberg Principle
72.3K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
72.3K
01:49Multiple Allele Traits
34.4K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
34.4K
02:51Multi-species Conserved Sequences
4.0K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.0K
02:41Lethal Alleles
15.6K
Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
15.6K
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
13.2K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.2K
02:59Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.7K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.7K