结合众包,人口普查数据和公共审查论坛,实现实时,高分辨率的食物沙漠估计
Mohsen Salari1, Michael R Kramer2, Matthew A Reyna3
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA. msalari@emory.edu.
Biomedical engineering online
|July 10, 2023
概括
研究人员使用实时数据开发了一种精细的食物沙漠指数,改进了传统的基于人口普查的方法. 这一新指数更好地捕捉了动态的食品环境及其对健康差异的影响.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 地理信息系统 (GIS) 是一个地理信息系统.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 健康差异与营养食物的获取有限有关,特别是在低收入社区,称为食物沙漠.
- 传统的食物沙漠指数依赖于罕见的人口普查数据,缺乏地理细节性和实时响应性.
- 需要更动态和地理上精细的指标来评估食品环境.
研究的目的:
- 与基于人口普查的方法相比,开发一个具有更高地理分辨率和更好的响应环境变化的食物沙漠指数.
- 整合实时数据源,以便更准确,更动态地评估食品的可访问性.
- 通过城市规划的实际应用来证明这种精细指数的实用性.
主要方法:
- 增强十年人口普查数据与来自Yelp和谷歌地图的实时信息.
- 利用来自亚马逊机械土耳其人的众筹数据来增强数据收集.
- 开发了一个实时,上下文意识和地理精细的食物沙漠指数.
- 在一个概念应用中实现了指数,以建议促进更健康的食物暴露的替代路线.
主要成果:
- 在亚特兰大大区分析了15,000家独特的食品零售商,使用了139,000个Yelp提取请求和248,000个谷歌地图路线分析.
- 揭示了亚特兰大食品环境鼓励外出吃饭而不是在家做准备,特别是在没有车辆进入的地方.
- 精细的指数动态地捕捉了旅行期间不断变化的食物环境暴露,与基于人口普查的静态指数不同.
- 该模型显示了在人口普查数据收集期间之间对环境变化的敏感性.
结论:
- 机器学习模型可以增强各种数据源,以创建复杂的环境模型.
- 精心调整的环境模型提供了对健康影响的更深入的见解,并促进了有针对性的干预.
- 这种方法促进了对健康差异环境决定因素的理解.
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