对于自闭症表型而言不一致的单胞胎双胞胎对的行为和生物分歧:系统性审查
Lynnea Myers1,2, Pei-Yin Pan1, Karl Lundin Remnélius1
1Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Centre for Psychiatry Research Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm Sweden.
JCPP advances
|July 11, 2023
概括
非共享环境 (NSE) 影响自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的病因. 研究表明,与遗传变化和多种现象型的潜在联系,但需要更多的研究来了解这些复杂的自闭症原因.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 非共享环境 (NSE) 对自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 病因有重大贡献.
- 对于与ASD中NSE相关的特定机制和表型特征的理解有限.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合现有关于自闭症谱系障碍中与非共享环境影响相关的行为和生物现象型的研究.
- 通过共同双胞胎对照研究,确定与ASD中NSE相关的潜在病因机制和表型表现.
主要方法:
- 在Embase,MEDLINE和PsycINFO (1990年至2020年8月) 进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括同双胞胎对照研究,比较单胞胎 (MZ) 双胞胎对对应/不对应的ASD,临床症状或自闭症特征.
- 偏差风险评估使用修改后的纽卡斯尔-太华尺度.
主要成果:
- 包括26项研究. 在ASD异调双胞胎中观察到不同的DNA甲基化和基因表达,尽管遗传发现不一致.
- 神经障碍和早期的医疗事件与ASD和自闭症特征有关;在轻微的身体异常或头部周长方面没有发现显著差异.
- 大脑成像和认知/行为研究得出了不确定的结果. 方法上的局限性包括样本规模较小和缺乏人口代表性.
结论:
- 在ASD中,非共享环境 (NSE) 可能涉及异质的后异位遗传机制和多样化的生物/行为表型.
- 目前的发现受到研究异质性和小样本大小的限制,需要进一步调查.
- 针对MZ ASD不一致双胞胎研究的标准化方法对于阐明NSE在ASD病因学中的作用至关重要.
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