相对年龄和特定学习障碍诊断:芬兰基于人口的队列研究
Bianca Arrhenius1,2,3, David Gyllenberg1,2,4,5, Miika Vuori6
1Department of Child Psychiatry University of Turku Turku Finland.
JCPP advances
|July 11, 2023
概括
在学校的年幼儿童更有可能被诊断出患有特定的学习障碍. 这项研究强调了相对年龄对儿童学习障碍诊断的影响.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 学校队伍中的相对年龄与ADHD和学术挑战有关.
- 相对年龄对特定学习障碍 (SLD) 的影响不太清楚.
- 这项研究调查了在班上年轻和SLD诊断之间存在的关联.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定年幼的孩子是否比年长的同龄人更频繁地被诊断出特定的学习障碍.
- 根据相对年龄量化SLD诊断的风险.
- 为教育和临床实践提供有关与年龄相关的诊断偏见的信息.
主要方法:
- 一项基于人口的队列研究,对388,650名出生在芬兰的儿童进行了研究 (1996-2002).
- 通过使用国家卫生登记册,识别10岁之前被诊断患有SLD的儿童.
- 按出生月计算SLD的累积发病率和发病率比率 (IRR),比较12月和1月的出生.
主要成果:
- 与1月份出生的孩子相比,12月份出生的孩子 (最年轻的) 的SLD诊断发生率明显更高 (IRR: 1.77).
- 在较小的儿童中,这种增加SLD诊断的可能性在女孩和男孩中都被观察到.
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 并不能完全解释相对年龄和SLD之间的关联.
结论:
- 在学年相对较年轻的孩子有更高的风险被诊断患有特定的学习障碍.
- 需要在家长,教育工作者和临床医生中提高认识,以了解相对年龄如何影响SLD诊断.
- 这强调了在评估学习困难时,在学校背景下考虑年代年龄的重要性.
相关概念视频
Learning Disabilities
219
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
219
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
132
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
132
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
90
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
90
Conduct Disorder
91
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
91
Longitudinal Research
12.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.0K
Autism Spectrum Disorder
161
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
161


