跨性别女性的明显的粘膜和系统免疫学特征可能与艾滋病毒感染有关
Alexandra Schuetz1,2,3, Michael J Corley4, Carlo Sacdalan5
1Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
JCI insight
|July 11, 2023
概括
变性女性 (TGW) 面临更高的艾滋病毒风险,原因是粘膜入口处的生物因素. 新阴道和肠道中炎症增加和更多的细胞可能解释了这种差异.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 艾滋病毒研究 艾滋病毒研究
背景情况:
- 变性女性 (TGW) 的艾滋病毒发病率不成比例 (19.9%).
- 行为因素得到了充分的研究,但对TGW感染HIV的生物学风险因素的理解仍然较少.
- 了解病毒进入地点的粘膜免疫和微生物组至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估TGW中艾滋病毒感染的潜在生物风险因素.
- 评估新阴道和肠粘膜表面的免疫参数和微生物组合.
- 为了比较TGW,Cisgender女性 (CW) 和与男性发生性关系的男性 (MSM) 之间的这些参数.
主要方法:
- 在新阴道和直肠粘膜上评估免疫细胞组成和激活标记物 (例如CD4+T细胞).
- 测量了可溶性炎症标志物 (例如,C反应蛋白,可溶性CD30).
- 分析了直肠和新阴道微生物组的组成 (例如,Prevotella,Shannon多样性指数).
- 量化CD4+CCR5+点细胞和肠道粘膜中的CCR5基因甲基化.
- 与水平相关的发现.
主要成果:
- 与CW阴道相比,TGW新阴道表现出不同的细胞组成和增加的炎症 (增加CD4+T细胞激活,炎症标志物).
- 在TGW中,新阴道微生物组显示出更高的Prevotella丰度和多样性.
- 在TGW中的肠粘膜具有更高的CD4+CCR5+细胞频率和降低的CCR5基因甲基化,与相反相关.
- 在TGW中的直肠微生物组表明有助于炎症的环境和潜在的粘膜屏障破坏.
结论:
- 增加的粘膜炎症和高频率的艾滋病毒点细胞 (CD4+CCR5+) 在病毒入口点可能有助于TGW的艾滋病毒风险升高.
- 微生物组的组成似乎在炎症环境中起作用.
- 需要在更大的研究中进一步验证,以确认这些生物风险因素.
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