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相关概念视频

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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在发育过程中皮质结构和功能合以及对注意力缺陷多动性障碍的影响.

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  • 1Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia. smsoman@deakin.edu.au.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学

背景情况:

  • 大脑的结构和功能连接对于认知功能至关重要.
  • 连接性中断与神经发育障碍 (如ADHD) 有关.
  • 在典型和ADHD人群中,关于结构-功能合发展的研究有限.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究大脑中结构-功能合的纵向发展.
  • 为了比较典型发育的儿童和ADHD儿童之间的这些发育轨迹.

主要方法:

  • 长度神经成像研究,175名参与者 (84人典型发育,91人患有多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多动性多
  • 收集了三波数据,共计278个观测.
  • 使用斯皮尔曼等级相关性计算区域结构-功能合,并使用混合效应模型分析群体差异/纵向变化.

主要成果:

  • 典型的发育儿童在更高阶的认知和感官区域中表现出结构-功能合的增加.
  • 患有ADHD的儿童在前额,部和部区域的合较弱.
  • 与对照人群相比,患有ADHD的儿童在额头,头顶和视觉区域的合发展加速.

结论:

  • 有证据支持在发育过程中结构和功能性大脑连接的联合成熟.
  • 患有ADHD的儿童表现出不典型的结构-功能合发展,特别是在支持认知的网络中.
  • 这些发现突出了ADHD中独特的发育途径,影响了大脑协调.