长期COVID的免疫学
Daniel M Altmann1, Emily M Whettlock2, Siyi Liu3,2
1Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. d.altmann@ic.ac.uk.
Nature reviews. Immunology
|July 11, 2023
概括
长期COVID,影响至少10%的COVID-19幸存者,呈现多样化,持续的症状影响多个器官系统. 研究表明,免疫病原性病因涉及凝血异常和免疫失调,但需要更多的数据来明确治疗途径.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 神经学 神经学
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
背景情况:
- 长期COVID是一种普遍的疾病,其特点是COVID-19感染后持续的症状.
- 据估计,全球10%的COVID-19幸存者经历了长期的COVID,这对医疗保健构成了重大挑战.
- 症状是多系统的,复发性缓解性,从疲劳和喘息到神经认知缺陷和dysautonomia.
研究的目的:
- 综合当前对长期COVID的免疫病原性病因学的理解.
- 探索潜在的致病途径,包括凝血异常,自身抗体存在和病毒再激活.
- 确定需要进一步研究的领域,用于机械合成和治疗开发.
主要方法:
- 对受影响个体的放射性发现的审查.
- 血液标志物的分析表明高凝血和内皮细胞激活.
- 检查自身抗体的特异性和免疫子集的变化.
- 对持久的SARS-CoV-2储库和爱斯坦-巴尔病毒重新激活的调查.
主要成果:
- 在嗅球,大脑,心脏和肺部观察到的放射性异常.
- 有微血栓和高凝血的证据,表明内皮激活和凝血问题.
- 确定了多种不同的自身抗体配置文件,但与症状集群没有明确的相关性.
- 支持持久的病毒储存或爱斯坦-巴尔病毒的重新激活,以及广泛的免疫干扰.
结论:
- 目前的证据表明,长期COVID的免疫病原性病因.
- 内皮激活,凝血异常和免疫失调可能是关键因素.
- 进一步的研究对于机理学理解和指导有效的治疗策略至关重要.
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