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Updated: Jul 23, 2025
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在大型群体中的Guppies在实验测试中更频繁地合作,以测试群体规模悖论的实验
Rebecca F B Padget1, Tim W Fawcett1, Safi K Darden1
1Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Proceedings. Biological sciences
|July 12, 2023
概括
在志愿者的困境中,更大的群惊人地通过检查捕食者来更多地合作. 这挑战了这样一个观念,即群体规模总是会减少在危险情况下的合作.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 进化游戏理论 进化游戏理论
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 志愿者的困境描述的是一个个人必须承担成本来提供公共利益的情况,这对合作水平有影响.
- 在掠食者检查中,成本包括增加掠食风险,而如果没有人检查,不采取行动可能会造成集体伤害.
- 理论模型预测,由于稀释效应和不同的成本效益权衡,较大群体的合作减少.
研究的目的:
- 为了测试的合作 (掠食者检查) 是否随着群体规模的增加而减少,正如志愿者的困境所预测的那样.
- 为了调查较大的群体是否由于稀释效应而感觉到捕食者的威胁较小.
- 在捕食者检查中检查小组规模,感知风险和合作行为之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 试验性操纵群体大小在古皮 (Poecilia reticulata).
- 呈现捕食者刺激来引起捕食者检查行为.
- 在不同规模的群体中量化检查频率和在避难所度过的时间.
主要成果:
- 与预测相反,较大的群体比较小的群体更频繁地检查掠食者.
- 较大群体中的个人在避难所度过的时间较少,这表明感知到的威胁减少或大胆增加.
- 中间群体大小显示检查率最低,避难时间最长,这表明群体大小的复杂效应超出了简单的稀释.
结论:
- 群体规模不会在危险的公共利益场景中均地减少合作,例如对皮的捕食者检查.
- 群体规模,风险感知和合作之间的关系比基本志愿者困境模型预测的要复杂得多.
- 这些发现需要对理论模型进行扩展,以更好地捕捉不同群体环境中风险合作行为的动态.
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