离子电池热失控的有害影响:从单元到第二生命模块的扩展测试
Rico Tschirschwitz1, Christopher Bernardy1, Patrick Wagner1
1Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany rico.tschirschwitz@bam.de.
RSC advances
|July 12, 2023
概括
离子电池的热失控 (TR) 可以引起暴力反应,包括5m喷射火焰和碎片喷射. 一氧化碳 (CO) 气体带来了相当大的毒性风险,与化 (HF) 相比.
科学领域:
- 储能系统 储能系统 储能系统
- 电池安全工程 电池安全工程
- 电化学 电化学 电化学
背景情况:
- 对于静态离子电池应用的全面安全评估需要更深入地了解热失控 (TR) 后果.
- 由于NMC阴极电池被广泛使用,因此需要进行详细的安全评估.
研究的目的:
- 实验性地研究离子电池电池和模块中与热失控 (TR) 相关的现象和危险副产品.
- 量化TR事件期间喷射物质和有毒气体带来的风险.
主要方法:
- 进行了十二个TR实验:四个单细胞,两个细胞堆和六个第二生命模块测试 (2.65kWh和6.85kWh).
- 在实验期间监测温度,质量损失,电压和通风气体组成 (FTIR,DLS用于HF).
- 根据急性暴露指南水平 (AEGL) 评估的气体毒性.
主要成果:
- TR事件表现出严重的化学反应,喷射火焰高达5米,碎片喷射超过30米.
- 观察到大量的质量损失 (高达82%) 和暴力反应;气化前是不常见的.
- 最大HF度达到76ppm;CO毒性被确定为一个重大问题,可能等于HF.
结论:
- 基于NMC的离子电池中的热失控可以导致暴力的物理和化学事件,包括火灾和爆炸.
- 除了化 (HF),有毒气体的释放,特别是一氧化碳 (CO),对固定应用来说是一个关键的安全问题.
- 安全协议必须考虑电池热失控期间的排气气体的物理危险和毒理影响.
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