狗大脑中的神经解剖学不对称性
Sophie A Barton1, Marc Kent2, Erin E Hecht3
1Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, USA. sbarton@g.harvard.edu.
Brain structure & function
|July 12, 2023
概括
大脑不对称或侧面化在灵长类动物和其他动物中很常见. 这项研究在养狗的大脑中发现了显著的灰质不对称性,这表明复杂的大脑和行为具有共同的进化基础.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 人类和非人类灵长类动物在结构和功能上表现出左/右脑不对称,与语言和手性等行为有关.
- 在整个动物王国中观察到侧面化的行为和大脑不对称性,这表明了深厚的进化根源.
- 非灵长类的大脑动物的大脑不对称的程度在很大程度上仍未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查家养狗 (Canis lupus familiaris) 的大脑中灰质不对称的存在和程度.
- 探索狗类动物的大脑不对称性是否为不同物种复杂大脑和行为演变提供了洞察力.
主要方法:
- 利用T2权重的磁共振成像 (MRI) 扫描,对33个品种的62只狗进行了扫描.
- 分析了灰色物质区域的体积不对称性,包括皮质,小脑和皮质下区域.
- 包括被转诊进行神经学检查的狗,但没有被诊断出神经病理.
主要成果:
- 在大脑各个区域内发现了灰色物质的显著体积不对称.
- 不对称的区域包括时和额叶皮层,小脑和脑干的部分.
- 研究结果表明,大脑不对称性并不仅限于灵长类动物.
结论:
- 大脑不对称似乎是一个广泛的特征,与复杂的大脑和行为在各种动物群体 (clades) 的进化有关.
- 这项研究提供了与犬类行为神经科学相关的神经组织数据.
- 这些发现支持这样一个假设,即侧向行为背后的神经机制具有古老的进化起源.
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