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上唇特征和相关的过度牙表现病因在成年人:种族和性别差异
Dimitris N Tatakis1, Vanessa Paramitha1,2, Wei-En Lu3
1Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Journal of periodontology
|July 12, 2023
概括
过度的牙表现 (EGD) 和上唇 (UL) 特性在黑人和白人成年人之间以及性别之间有显著差异. 微笑时上唇的移动性和唇长的变化是EGD的关键决定因素.
科学领域:
- 牙科 牙科是指牙科的专业.
- 面部美学 面部美学
- 人类学是人类学.
背景情况:
- 过度的牙显示 (EGD) 受各种软组织因素的影响.
- 了解EGD病因中的种族间和性别间差异对于全面分析至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究上唇 (UL) 和微笑特征.
- 为了确定EGD病因的患病率:高移动上唇 (HUL),改变的被动喷发 (APE) 和短上唇 (SUL).
- 在这些特征中分析种族间 (黑人与白人) 和性别间的差异.
主要方法:
- 对非西班牙裔黑人 (NHB) 和非西班牙裔白人 (NHW) 成人的横截面研究.
- 测量UL垂直维度休息和最大微笑.
- 评估HUL,APE和SUL的流行情况.
- 对牙显示 (GD) 或EGD与UL特征,HUL,APE和SUL之间的关联进行统计分析.
主要成果:
- 与NHW相比,NHB个体表现出明显更大的UL长度和移动性.
- 微笑时的唇长变化 (LLC) 在女性中显著增加.
- 在NHB中,HUL的流行率更高,而SUL仅在NHW中观察到.
- NHB个体显示出明显更大的牙显示 (GD).
- 确定LLC和HUL是EGD最重要的决定因素.
结论:
- 在UL解剖学和功能方面存在显著的种族间和性别间差异.
- 与软组织相关的EGD病因因因种族和性别群体而异.
- 上唇移动性和超移动性是牙显示的最一致的预测因素.
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