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相关概念视频

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

17.6K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.6K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.8K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.8K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.6K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.6K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

50.7K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.7K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

11.6K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.6K
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

14.0K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
14.0K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

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逆转移子劫持 alt-EJ 进行DNA复制和eccDNA生物生成

Fu Yang1, Weijia Su1, Oliver W Chung1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Nature
|July 12, 2023
PubMed
概括

逆转移子劫持了替代端结合 (alt-EJ) DNA 修复途径以产生它们的第二链DNA. 这一过程对于逆转录子复制,eccDNA生成和新的基因组插入至关重要.

更多相关视频

Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 23, 2011

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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
11:12

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学
  • 分子生物学
  • DNA 修复

背景情况:

  • 逆转移子在动物基因组中很丰富,在激活后可以影响宿主生物学.
  • 虽然逆转移子使用逆转录酶合成第一链DNA,但第二链DNA合成的机制尚不清楚.
  • 无法控制的逆转移素激活与疾病和衰老有关.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明逆转移子复制中的第二链DNA合成机制.
  • 研究宿主DNA修复途径在逆转移子传播中的作用.
  • 了解逆转移子如何产生异染色体循环DNA (eccDNA).

主要方法:

  • 使用纳米孔测序来分析逆转移体DNA.
  • 使用遗传选来识别参与逆转录素复制的宿主因素.
  • 专注于染色体外循环DNA (eccDNA) 产生作为一个关键读数.

主要成果:

  • 确定逆转移子劫持了第二链DNA合成的替代端结合 (alt-EJ) DNA修复途径.
  • 发现90%复制的逆转移体DNA形成eccDNA,而10%则导致新的插入.
  • 证明alt-EJ对于eccDNA的产生和随后的逆转移体插入至关重要.

结论:

  • 逆转移子利用宿主的alt-EJ途径进行循环化和第二链DNA合成.
  • 替代EJ途径对于寄生虫基因组反元素的传播至关重要.
  • 这项研究揭示了alt-EJ的保存功能,并提供了控制逆转移子生命周期的见解.