世界珊瑚礁的塑料污染
Hudson T Pinheiro1,2, Chancey MacDonald3,4, Robson G Santos5
1Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA. htpinheiro@gmail.com.
Nature
|July 12, 2023
概括
塑料污染对全球珊瑚礁构成越来越大的威胁. 一项调查发现大多数被调查的珊瑚礁中都存在人为垃圾,
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学
- 环境科学
- 海洋学
背景情况:
- 珊瑚礁面临气候变化和过度捕捞的重大威胁.
- 塑料污染是一个新兴的危险,
- 珊瑚礁塑料污染的全球分布和数量尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 评估主要海洋盆地的珊瑚礁中人类造成的宏观碎片的分布和数量.
- 确定珊瑚礁生态系统中塑料污染的主要来源和模式.
- 为解决塑料污染问题制定全球战略.
主要方法:
- 在太平洋,大西洋和印度洋的25个地点进行了84个浅层和深层珊瑚生态系统的调查.
- 进行了1,231次切割,以量化人类造成的宏观碎片 (物体>5厘米).
- 分析了碎片的组成和分布模式,包括与深度相关的趋势.
主要成果:
- 在调查的84个珊瑚礁中, 在77个珊瑚礁中发现了人类造成的碎片,
- 在检测到的碎片中,巨型塑料占88%.
- 垃圾,特别是巨型塑料,在更深的中层海域 (30-150米) 达到峰值,大多数地区的渔业活动被确定为主要来源.
结论:
- 塑料污染遍及世界各地的珊瑚礁,
- 珊瑚礁中的塑料的流行和深度分布不同于近岸环境,突出显示了独特的生态影响.
- 这些发现为制定有效的全球战略提供了至关重要的数据, 以减轻珊瑚礁生态系统的塑料污染.
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