海洋保护区网络并不能使社区结构对沿海生态系统的海洋热浪具有弹性
Joshua G Smith1,2, Christopher M Free3,4, Cori Lopazanski1,3
1National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Global change biology
|July 13, 2023
概括
海洋保护区 (MPA) 在保护海洋生态系统免受重大热浪的影响方面取得了有限的成功. 只有岩石的潮间息地表现出弹性,这表明MPA的缓冲气候变化影响能力有限.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 保护科学 保护科学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
背景情况:
- 海洋保护区 (MPA) 是一种提高生态系统对气候变化的适应能力的战略.
- 直接将海洋保护区与改善对气候影响的生态弹性相关的经验证据仍然有限且不一致.
- 2014-2016年东北太平洋海洋热浪为MPA有效性提供了关键测试案例.
研究的目的:
- 评估加利福尼亚MPA网络内的海洋社区在重大海洋热浪期间的抵抗和恢复.
- 为了确定MPA,包括不采用储备,可以缓冲急性气候扰乱的生态影响.
- 调查特定的MPA特征是否影响它们赋予气候弹性的能力.
主要方法:
- 鱼类,盆地无脊椎动物和大藻群体结构在13个无捕获的海洋保护区内外的比较,遍及四个近海息地 (岩石的潮间,树林,浅礁,深礁).
- 来自加利福尼亚州中央海岸MPA网络的长期监测数据 (2007-2020年),这是全球最大的科学设计的MPA网络.
- 对28个MPA的MPA特征 (年龄,大小,深度,息地,连接性,捕捞压力) 的分析,以确定潜在的弹性驱动因素.
主要成果:
- 海洋热浪在所有四个研究息地都造成了重大的社区转移.
- 海洋保护区通常不会促进息地范围内的耐力或从热浪中恢复.
- 只有保护区内的岩石潮间社区对热浪影响有显著的抵抗力.
- 社区的转变反映了冷水物种的显著减少和温水物种的增加.
- MPA特征与观察到的耐药性或恢复模式没有相关性.
结论:
- 海洋保护区对减轻海洋热浪对社区结构的生态影响的能力有限.
- 海洋保护区在缓冲气候驱动的急性干扰方面的有效性似乎是特定于息地,岩石的潮间区域显示出一些弹性.
- 需要进一步的研究来了解复杂的生态系统对气候干扰的反应,以及保护策略的作用.
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