转载DNA合成聚合酶对基因组稳定性和人类健康的影响
Jegadheeswari Venkadakrishnan1, Ganesh Lahane1, Arti Dhar1
1Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India.
Molecular and cellular biology
|July 13, 2023
概括
包括转化合成 (TLS) 聚合酶在内的DNA损伤耐受性 (DDT) 机制,可以防止DNA在复制过程中断裂. 了解TLS对于基因组稳定性和人类健康至关重要,特别是在癌症和化学抵抗方面.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- DNA复制遇到DNA损伤,造成复制分叉停滞和DNA双链断裂 (DSB) 的风险.
- 细胞拥有专门的DNA损伤耐受性 (DDT) 途径来应对这些挑战.
- 转载合成 (TLS) 是一个关键的DDT机制,涉及专门的TLS聚合酶,绕过DNA损伤.
研究的目的:
- 总结目前对TLS途径在DNA损伤耐受性 (DDT) 中的理解.
- 突出TLS对人类健康的影响,包括疾病和化学抵抗.
主要方法:
- 关于DNA损伤耐受性和转化合成的现有文献的审查.
- 分析TLS聚合酶在复制过程中绕过DNA损伤中的作用.
- 检查TLS路径缺陷与人类疾病之间的联系.
主要成果:
- DDT,特别是TLS,对于抑制复制过程中DNA损伤引起的DSB是必不可少的.
- TLS聚合酶从高保真性复制性聚合酶切换到绕过病变,尽管保真度较低.
- TLS中的缺陷与基因组不稳定性和各种人类疾病,包括癌症有关.
- TLS聚合酶在化学抵抗中发挥作用,它们的非正规功能对于基因组稳定性至关重要.
结论:
- TLS途径是DNA损伤耐受性的关键组成部分,保护基因组完整性.
- 在TLS聚合酶中的失调或突变有助于人类疾病,并影响治疗结果.
- 进一步研究TLS聚合酶的非正规功能对于全面了解它们在健康和疾病中的作用至关重要.
更多相关视频
06:25Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence
Published on: February 10, 2023
2.1K
06:59Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
Published on: March 31, 2022
2.5K
相关概念视频
Translesion DNA Polymerases
10.0K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
10.0K
Proofreading
6.4K
Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore, it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
6.4K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle
9.2K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.2K
Nucleotide Excision Repair
3.6K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
3.6K
The DNA Replication Fork
36.2K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
36.2K
Overview of DNA Repair
31.1K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Chemically...
31.1K
