义务是跟随心灵还是跟随身体?
John Protzko1,2, Kevin Tobia3, Nina Strohminger4
1Deparment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Cognitive science
|July 13, 2023
概括
个人身份和义务取决于人们是否优先考虑精神或身体. 认知科学揭示了三个群体:身体追随者,心灵追随者和分裂者,影响法律和道德职责.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 思想的哲学 思想的哲学
- 道德和法律哲学道德和法律哲学
背景情况:
- 关于个人身份的哲学辩论在时间上的中心是关于心灵或身体的连续性是否定义了一个人.
- 认知科学通过假设场景调查关于个人身份的平凡直觉,扩展哲学思想实验.
- 个人身份对于理解道德和法律义务随着时间的推移而持续至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查人们在假设情况下如何分配义务,当一个人的思想和身体分离时.
- 探索个人身份直觉和义务的持久性之间的关系.
- 在心身分歧场景中识别影响关于身份和义务判断的因素.
主要方法:
- 参与者提出了涉及心身分歧的假设场景 (例如,大脑移植).
- 评估了参与者对这些场景中的义务分配的判断.
- 分析了基于诸如心身二元主义,本质主义,教育和专业培训等因素的反应.
主要成果:
- 参与者被分为三个不同的组:"身体追随者"",心灵追随者"和"分裂者"关于义务分配.
- 个人对二元主义,本质主义,教育和专业背景的差异显著预测了反应.
- 专业人士 (律师,会计师,银行家) 显示出更强烈的倾向,优先考虑追踪义务的身体连续性.
结论:
- 关于个人身份和义务持久性的直觉是异质的.
- 在心身分歧案件中对身份的判断影响了义务的感知连续性.
- 专业培训可以塑造个人身份的直觉,影响义务的法律地位.
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