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Aaron Saguil¹, Lindy Krebs¹, Ulyee Choe²

¹University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.

American family physician

|July 13, 2023

概括

类似于天花的病毒性疾病Mopox在2022年全球激增,主要影响与男性发生性关系的男性. 虽然mopox通常是轻微的,但可以导致严重的并发症,需要对传播和可用疫苗的认识.

科学领域:

* 病毒学:Mpox (以前称为水) 是一种属于Orthopoxvirus属的DNA病毒,与天花病毒有相似之处.

背景情况:

* 流行病学:Mpox曾经是特定非洲地区的特有病,在2022年期间,全球病例大幅增加,在美国报告了超过30,000例.
*人口统计:在全球范围内,2022年报告的mopox病例中有98%是与男性发生性关系的男性.
* 传播:mopox的主要传播方式是通过与感染性皮肤病变的直接接触.

研究的目的:

* 提供mopox的概述,包括其特征,传播,临床表现和管理策略.
*强调mopox疫苗接种和抗病毒治疗的可用性和考虑因素.

主要方法:

*文献综述:关于mopox流行病学,临床特征和治疗选择的信息综合.
*临床数据摘要:汇编了美国和全球报告的病例数量,人口趋势和结果.

主要成果:

*临床表现:mopox皮疹通常是囊泡状,可能会影响阴道区域,脸部,干部,四肢,手掌和脚.
* 接种疫苗:有两种疫苗,Jynneos和ACAM2000,可用于mopox预防,根据免疫状况和健康状况提出具体建议.
* 治疗方法:抗病毒药物如特科维里马特,齐多福维尔和布林西多福维尔是严重或高风险的POBX病例的选择.

结论:

* 疾病过程:Mpox通常对大多数人来说是一种轻微的,自我限制的疾病.
*并发症:潜在的并发症包括严重的疼痛,二次细菌感染,脱水,脑炎,角膜炎和呼吸困难.
* 死亡率:在美国,与mopox感染相关的死亡人数较少.

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